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A large multi-pathogen waterborne community outbreak linked to faecal contamination of a groundwater system, France, 2000 ArchiMer
Gallay, A; De Valk, H; Cournot, M; Ladeuil, B; Hemery, C; Castor, C; Bon, F; Megraud, F; Le Cann, Pierre; Desenclos, Jc.
A large waterborne outbreak of infection that occurred during August 2000 in a local community in France was investigated initially via a rapid survey of visits to local physicians. A retrospective cohort study was then conducted on a random cluster sample of residents. Of 709 residents interviewed, 202 (28.5%) were definite cases (at least three liquid stools/day or vomiting) and 62 (8.7%) were probable cases (less than three liquid stools/day or abdominal pain). Those who had drunk tap water had a three-fold increased risk for illness (95% CI 2.4-4.0). The risk increased with the amount of water consumed (chi-square trend: p < 0.0001). Bacteriological analyses of stools were performed for 35 patients and virological analyses for 24 patients....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Waterborne outbreak; Rotavirus; Norovirus; Gastroenteritis; Epidemiology; Campylobacter coli.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1696.pdf
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Characterization of new recombinant noroviruses ArchiMer
Ambert Balay, K; Bon, F; Le Guyader, Soizick; Pothier, P; Kohli, E.
Noroviruses are important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis and show great genetic diversity. To characterize more fully previously detected strains that could not be assigned unequivocally to one particular genotype based on the RNA polymerase, we have sequenced a region in the capsid gene and, in some cases, in the junction between open reading frame 1 (ORF1) and ORF2. The results allowed us to identify several recombinant noroviruses: GGHb viruses were detected for the first time in France in August 2000 and then spread through France and to Europe during the following winter. Here we present the characterization of three other probable GII recombinants which showed different phylogenetic positions depending on their ORF1 and ORF2 sequences....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Genogroup; RNA recombination; Gastroenteritis; Round structured virus; Reverse transcription; Norovirus.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-1234.pdf
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